Wednesday, April 16, 2014

MINILIKOOTA BARDHIBBEE 21-FFAA: Kutaa Shanaffaa

Taammanaa Bitimaa irraa*-
DURAANDURSA
Jalatamoo fi kabajamoo warra barreefata kana duukaa-buutanii jirtan, mee waan hundumaa duran nagaa fi nageenya isiniif hawwa! Barreeffama kana kutaa sadaffaa, kunoo akkana jechuunan xumureeyyu: “Amma gara wiirtuu dubbii Dr. G. Hayilee sanatti yoo deebine, mee maaluma-laa qaroominni Amaaraa kan inni Oromoo fi Muslimootatu barbadeesse nuun jedhu kun? Innii fi illiitonni isaanii kaan, amma gara seenaa waggalee 400 fi 500-ii faatti deebiyuun kan uummata Oromoo fi Muslimoota Toopphiyaa kabajamoo irratti waraana banan, Toopphiyaa isaanii tana ijaaru fi moo diiguufi? Jarri kun uummata Oromoo isa walakkaa uummatoota Toopphiyaa kan barana lakkoofsaan kitila 92 (92 000 000) tahee, jechuun kitila 46 (46 000 000) fi sana irratti uummattoota Toopphiyaa kana keessaa, Muslimoota dhibbayyaa 50 (“50%”) fi dabreeyyuu, uummatoota Kibbaa maratti summii tuttufuun maal akka isaanii fiduufi? “Yaa qotiyyoo gowwaa, marga malee hin agarre bowwaa!”, jedha Oromoon waan akkanaa-tiin. Mee amma kutaan kun akka nutti hin dheeranneef, asuma irratti haa dhaabnu! Kutaa kanatti aanee dhufu keessatti, erga muummiyyeewwan Amaaraa duula hamaa fi jibbisiisaa: uummata Oromoo fi Muslimoota Gaafa Afrikaa irratti bananii seenaa Oromoos, seenaa Muslimoota keenyaas bardhibbee 16-ffaa fi bara Ahimad Giraanyi duraa irraa kaasuun dhugaa fi dhugoo irratti hundeeffamuun ibsamaatii, mee hammasitti nagaa fi nageenyi qeyee keessan irraa hin dhabamini!”
Egaa, amma akkuma jedhame sanatti itti-fufamaa, yoo yeroon kan isiniif hayyamu tahe, mee barreeffama kana duukaa-bu’aa! Rakkoo fi dhibeen ginni-bittee Amaaraa fi illiitonni isaanii qaban jibbaa fi sodaa isaan uummataa fi saba Oromoo irratti qaban callaa otoo hin taane, kan isaan Muslimoota Gaafa Afrikaa keessumaa kanneen impaayera Toopphiyaa irratti qabanisi. Nuti jaalannus, jibbinus harra impaayerittii tana keessa uummatoota gabromfamanii fi amantiiwwan hacuucamantuu jiru. Isaan kun lamaan walitti guduunfaa cimaa akka qabanis beekuun dogoggora karaa kanaan uumamu jalaayyii nama baasa.
Harqoonni gabrummaa Habashaa inni uummata keenya Oromoo irra jiru kun, akkanuma uummatoota Oromiyaa irraa gara Kibbaa jiran cufa irrattis argama. Kunoo, uummatoonni: Afaari fi Somaalee, Hadiyyaa fi Sidaamaa, Kambaataa fi Gedewoo, Alaabaa fi Burjii, Walaayitaa fi Goofaa, Koonsoo fi Gaamoo, Kafichoo fi Moochaa, Gimiraa fi Kuulloo-Kontaa, Gambeellaa fi Beenishaangul, Guraagee fi Adaree faa gara waggaalee 140 harqoota gabrummaa Habashaa jala jiru. Akkanuma uummanni Kuush keenyaa Agawoo kunoo gara waggaalee 800 olii waanjoo gabrummaa Habashaa jalatti kufee argama. Koloneeffattoonni Habashaa meeshaa-waraanaa kan ammayyaa isa obbolaa amantii isaanii san humnoota Oroppaa oggaa sanaa: Biritaaniyaa Guddoo, Faransaa, Ixaaliyaa fi Rusiyaa irraa argatanii, leenjiftoota Faranjiitiin leenjifamanii, gorfamanii waraana otoo walirraa hin citin waggaalee 31 adeemsifameen Oromiyaa qabatani. Uummata Oromoo lafarraa duguuguun kitila (miliyoona) 10 irraa gara kitila 5-tti gaddeebisanii turani.
SEENSA
Habashaanni humna Afrikaa teenya irraa ala taheen gargaaraman kun yoo Naazota Jarmanii, Hitler faa tahe malee, waan ilmoon namaa ilmoo namaa irratti hin hojjanne, uummata Oromoo fi uummatoota obbolaa isaa warra Kibbaa irratti adeemsisaniiti jiru. Harra harmaa-harka muraan Aannolee, funyaan-muraa fi ija-buqqisaan Calanqoo kunoo ifa bawuun addunyaatti muldhachaa jira. Mootummoonni Habashaa dhufanii dabran marti kana dhoksanii, ukkaamsanii as gayanillee uummanni Oromoo duruu beeka. Kana waan sirriitti beekuuf, ijoollee ofiitti himaa, guddisaa asiin gaye. Kunoo, ammaan tana dhalawwan Oromoo faashistummaa gita-bittee Amaaraa kana biyyalafaa guutuutti beeksanii, ammallee beeksisaa jiru. Illiitonni Amaaraa arrabni isaanii dhugaa mitii, soba dubbachuutti boonu isa kana “fottoqxuuwwan Oromootu uume“, jechuun ammallee kana dhoksuuf duula fi olola hamaa nu irratti oofaa jiru.
Oromoonni Arsii f Barentuu (“Harargee“) mee kan dirree waraanaatti cabuun qabaman bara 1886 fi 1887 keessaa! Waggaa 128 harraa jechaa dha. Akka Oromoon jedhutti gadaa 16 yookaan jaarraa 3 fi gadaa tokko qofa.* Akkoolee fi akaakaawwan keenya gariin gocha Aannolee fi Calanqoo ijaan arganii jiru jechaa dha. Oromoon waggaa Habashaa fi sa’aa Habashaa isa shallaggiin himamu dhimma ittiin hin bawuu, bara lakkaawuu kana sirrumatti beeka; sirruumatti gadaa fi jaarraan lakkaawee afaanii afaanitti, dhalootaa irraa dhalootatti dabarsa. Amma baatii dabre keessa jaarsi Oromoo kan umuriin waggaa 160 tahu mandheewwan Oromoo irratti dubbifnee jirra. Inni akkanaa kunillee kan namoonni hedduun irra-gayanii mitii, kunillee jira jechumaaf asi irratti tuqame. Lafarraa duguugamni kanaa olitti kaafame kun kan uummata Oromoo callaa irratti adeemsifame otoo hin taane, kan uummatoota Kibbaa danuu irrattis godhame. Nu Oromootas mitii, dhalawwan warra Kibbaas mitii, isa kana barreessitoonni Oroppaa hedduun barreessanii jiru. Gariin ennaa Minilik mataan isaa akkuma duula Calanqootti faa waraana isaa gaggeessuun uummata Walaayitaa akka nama tokkootti walatahuun torban sadii guutuu ofirraa ittisee booda qawwee ibiddaatiin lafarraa duguugamu, Faranjoonni ijaan argan barreessanii jiru. Akka uummata Kafichoo fi uummata Dimmee keessaa dhibbayyaa 70 (“70%“) fixaniis, warruma biyyoota alaatiin kitaabamee argama. Hardha sabni Oromoo jabina baay’ina lakkoofsa uummata isaatiin heddummaachaa kan as dhaqqabe yoo tahu, uummatoota Kibbaa hedduutu Habashootaan lafarraa duguugamee dhabame. Kaan lakkoofsi isaa gadi-deebiyuun kuma shan, kuma kudhan faa taheeti argama. Nuti Oromoonni yommuu gabrummaa fi roorroo saba keenya irra jiru ibsinu, kan uummatoota Kibbaa kanas himuu fi dubbachuu qabna! Kana namummaa keenya fi itti-gaafatama seenaatu nu dirqisiisa.
QAAMADUBBII
Dursee qaroomina jechuun maal maal faa akka tahe, barreefama kana kutaa afraffaa irratti walumaan ilaallee turre. Muummiyyeewwan (illiitonni) Amaaraa kun qaroomina dhuunfaa mataa isaanii godhachuun nu uummatoota impaayerittii isaanii keessatti argamnu callaa otoo hin taane, Misira irraa kan hafee uummatoota Afrikaa mara “qaroomina maleeyyii” nu taasisanii argamu. Jarri kun of-tuulummaa fi sanyummaan ija of-cufanii jiru. Sanyummaan dhibee hamaa, naqarsa, isa qoricha hin qabne waan taheef isaan barabaraan dhibee kanaan dararamaa jiru. Dhibee hamaa kanatu fakkeenyaaf ija barateessaa Amaaraa, Dr. G. Hayilee cufee akka inni qaroomina Oromoo keessaa sirna Gadaa faa hin mildhanne isa taasise. Kanatu nama kana ilaafilaamee (dimokiraasii) Gadaa, isa addunyaan raajeffatu “maafiyaa dha“, isa jechisiise. Namtichi kun waan maafiyaan tahe, baargama cewuun, Biyya Xaaliyaanii keessa labee beekaa, biyyuma Gadaa keessa uumarii isaa gara irra-caalu jiraatee, waan Gadaan tahe hin beeku. Kan kana akka hin beekne isa taasisenamummaa isaa otoo hin taane, sanyummaa isaati.
Inni kana bira dabreetuu uummata Oromoo mara “tiksee” jechuun arrabsa. Maali namni kun seenaa-dhaan doktorummaa argate moo addaggummaa-dhaani (baalagummaa-dhaani)? Akka kiyyatti tikseenis keessumaa nama barate biratti ni kabajamti. Hojiin marti: tiksummaan, horsiisanii-bultummaan, qonnaan-bulummaan, hojiin-bulummaan, daldalummaan, seedatummaan, shammaanummaan, tumtummaan, faaqummaan, weexummaan faa marti ni kabajamu. Hojiiwwanii fi jiruuwwan kun akka hawaasa Amaaraa keessatti hin kabajamne, akka hedduu tuffataman sirriittan beeka. Ammoo, namni kun mee nama barate qofa otoo hin taanee, nama Biyya Ameerikaa keessa jiraatuu! Naannoo fi hawaasa keessa jiraatu sana irraa inni homaayyuu hin baratu moo maal dubbiin? Yaa Waaq dukkana wallaalummaa akkanaa kana keessa Oromootas, uummatoota kiyya warra Kibbaas, dhala-namaa hunda na jalaa hin galchini!
Inni Oromoodhan “tiksee” kan jedhe horsiisee-bulaa (“pastoralist“) jechuu wallaaletii miti. Inni isuma kanas ni tuffata. Isaaf kan uummanni isaa irratti argamu “qonnaan-bulummaa” callaatu kabaja qaba yookaan “qaroomina“. Erga qotiisaan jiraachuun qaroomina tahee, Oromoonis waan qotiisaanis jiraachaa tureef, (ammallee jiruuf) qaroomina Dr. G. Hayilee qunnaa-dhaan namaaf hiru kana, Oromoon keenyas argachuu qaba. Maal jennaan? Uummanni Oromoo hundee uummatoonni Afrikaa Kaaba-bahaa irratti bu’ureeffaman erga tahee, horii-horsiisuus tahee lafa-qotuu isatu obbolaa isaa warra Kuush wajjin jalqabe jechaa dha. Bardhibbee 16-ffaa keessa oggaa waraanni hamaan Habashoota fi Oromoota jidduutti adeemaa ture san, Oromoo keessaa gosoliin baay’een qonna dhaabuun horii-horsiisuu qofa irratti bobbayanii turani. Waraana hamaan warri Habashaa kun ennum sanallee humna Afrikaa irraa alaa, Portugaalota waammachuun adeemsisaa turan, jechuun meeshaa-waraanaa Faranjoota irraa argachuu qofa otoo hin taane, loltoota isaanii 400 tahantu isaan duukaa-deemuun Oromoon lolaa turani. Kanaaf, Oromoodhaa waraanni sun waan laayyoo wayii hin turre.
Aadaa fi duudhaa warra Habashaa keessumaa kan warra Amaaraa taheeti, waraanni isaanii saammatee, raammatee buluu malee, waan mindaa jedhamu hin qabu ture. Oggaa waraanni isaanii kun daangaa ofii irra dabrun Biyya Oromoo seene, Oromoonni loonii fi fardeen ofii faa ooffataniitoo gara Kibbaatti, gara miilli Habashootaa dhaqqabuu hin dandeenyetti baqatu. Ammegaa, midhaan isaanii isa oobruu (maasii), oogdii fi gootaraa keessa jiru akkamitti ooffatanii jarreen kana jalaa baqatu? Kanatu bara san Oromoota duraan qonnaa fi horii-horsiisuun jiraatan akka qonna dhiisaniif isaan dirqisiise. Kana jechuun immoo Oromoota keessaa, warreen durumaanuu horii-horsiisuu callaan jiraatan hin jiran jechaa miti.
Ani akkan naannoo Oromiyaa Waltajjii keessaa abbootii seenaa irraa qoraddheetti, jechuun Oromoota Tuulamas, Oromoota Macca Bahaa irraas isuman kanaa olitti ibsame kanaan dhagaye. “Ilmakoo isin warri barattan kun waanuma mana barumsaa keessatti dhageessan, waanuma qeesota irraa dhageessan duwwaatu mirkana jettanii hin fudhatinaa! Oromoonkee duris qoteetuma, loonis horsiisetuma jiraachaa ture. Otoo hin qotin, otoo garbuu faa facaafatee hin galfatin maaliin ateetee bulfata? Maal walitti facaasuun wal-eebbisa. Biqila maalii itti-tufuun shii heerumtuu fi isa fuudhu eebbisa? Ani amman beekutti isuma naannoo kanaan sittimaa Tuulamnis, Maccis qoteetuma, tikfateetuma bulaayyu.” Naan jedhe ekeraan isaa daadhii keessaa isa booka haa dhugduutii, namni seenaa Dabbabaa Gammachuu Qamalittii. Kan inni nuuf ibse kun, akka walqabanneetoo gara seenaa keenya isa bardhibbee 16-ffaa duraatti deebinuu fi gara Madda Walaabuu (Haroo Walaabuu) deemnuuf nu afeera.
Namni Jarmanii kan umurii isaa guutuu waayee Oromoo fi uummatoota Kibbaa qorate, Mabba (Unbarsitii) Firaankifurtii-tti barachiisaa kan ture, Eike Haberland akka Oromoon durattumaa qonnaa fi horii-horsiisuun jiraatu, ragaa hanga harraattuu eenyumtuu dura ijaajjuu hin dandeenye nuuf dhiyeesse. Inni dursee seenaa Oromoon waayee dhaloota isaa akka oduutti (sheekkootti) dhiyeeffatu irraayyi ka’e. Oduu tun tan gosoolii Oromoo hundaa biratti beekamtu. “Oromoon waan sadii wajjin waaqarraa gara lafaatti bu’e. Sadeen kun: sa’a, hoolaa fi garbuu dha.” Pirof. Haberland: “wanneen sadan kun seenaa Oromoo keessatti isaan jalqabaa, isaan durii durii tahuu-laa?“, jechuun wanneen kana qorachuu eegale.
Loon baddaattis, gammoojjiittis waan horsiifamaniif ammana isa hin rakkifne. Hoolota keessaa immoo hoolaa Somaalee faa ishii biyya hoowwaa, gammoojjjiitti horsiifamtu otoo hin taane, “hoolaa Oromoo” tan jedhamtu qorate. Hoolaan Oromoo tun biyya qorru, baddaatti tan horsiifamtu. Inni rifeensi ishii fi duboon ishii otoo hin hafin qorachuun akka hoolaa biyya baddaa taate mirkaneeffate. Dhuma irratti garbuunis eessumattuu akka biyya baddaa callaatti biqilu bira gaye. Wanneen kun sadanuu Oromoon erga addunyaa tana irra jiraachuu jalqabee, kan isaa fi kanneen biyya baddaatti tahan waan taheef, inni “Oromoon baddaa Baalee” irra turee booda, bakka amma Booranni jiruu faa, Oromoon Gabraa fi Ormaa (Keeniyaa) jirufaatti godaane jedhe.** Inni namni seenaa Oromoo Dabbabaa Gammachuu Qamalittii: “Biqila maalii itti-tufuun shii heerumtuu fi isa fuudhu eebbisa?“, jedhe kun isa pirofeesar Habareland jedhu san kan akka gaariitti deeggaru. Garbuun hundee Oromooti jechuutu dandayama. Akaakuu farsoo keessaa inni sonaan jaalatamaan sun, hamma mammaattuu “farsoo Oromoo” kan jedhamu garbuu irraa akka qoppheeffamu yaadachuun mishoo dha.
Kana irratti idayamuu kan qabu waayee bunaati. Bunnis kan naannoo gammoojjiitti biqiluu miti. Bunni naannoo baddadareetti kan margu yookaan kan dhaabamu. Oromoon akka garbuutti isa waliin “waaqarraa lafatti buune“, jechuu baatullee akkuma garbuu faa aadaa fi duudhaa isaa keessatti bunnis bakka olaanaa qaba. Aadaa fuudhaa-heerumaa, ateetee, ayyaana waggaa, shanan dubartii deessee, araara fi eebba faa biraa bunni hin hafu. Oromoof bunni asxaa nagaa-ti. Akkumacoqorsi asxaa jireenyaa tahe bunnimmoo mallattoo nagaa tahee, Oromoo fi nu dhalawwan isaa biraa hafuu didee biyyambaa kanas nu waliin jiraata. Dr. G. Hayilee bunnis kan “tiksee“-ti jechuun isaa ni mala. Ee, uummanni isaa aadaa bunaa waan hin qabneef, waan bara dhiyoo warra “tiksee” kana irraa barateef, ammas akkuma qeesota isaanii jara durattii: “waan Gaallaa kana akka hin tuqneef, waan Islaamaa kana akka harkaan hin qabanneef, maqaa abbaatiin, maqaa ilmaatiin, maqaa hafuura qulqulluutiin isin magannee jirra (“basima-aab, basima-waldi, basima-manfas qiddus gazzitanaal)!” Akka nuun hin jenne.
Isaan as irrattis “Gaallaa” isaanii kana Muslimoota irraa addaan hin baafne. Waan isaan lameen kana, jechuun Oromoo fi Muslimoota warri isaa addaan-baasanii hin ilaalleef, kunoo bardhibbee 21-ffaa kana keessas Oromoo fi Muslimoota Gaafa Afrikaa walitti qabeetoo cagada. Waan hundaafuu Muslimoota keenya isaan Gaafa Afrikaa kanneen dhiisitii, isaan Garba Diimaa gamaatuu waayee bunaa kana Oromoodhuma isaanii irraayyi fudhatani. Maddi bunaa biyya Oromoota Kuush Kuusaa akka tahe amma shakkii wayiituu malee, qorattoota seenatiin bira gayameeti jira. Hayyee, Oromoon keenya buna midhaan eebbaa, WAAQNI eebbisee isa badhaase kana innis eebbisee addunyaa teenya badhaasee jira. Seenaa buna Oromoo ennaa biraan isiinii dhiyeessaa, amma akka Oromoon bara 575 keessabuna dhuguu jalqabee jala-harriqeen dabra.
Habashoonni “keenya“-mmoo bara himame kana dhiisitii bara maraataa fi shifticha isaanii, bara Teediroos-iyyuu (1855 – 1868) uummanni isaanii buna hin dhugu ture. Ginni-bittee isaanii immoo buna dhuguu kan jalqaban, erga Oromoota Walloo fi Yajjuu, Tuulamaa fi Macca keessa Horro, Guduru, Jimma Raaree, Amuuruu fi Sadan Liiban faa keessaa nam-tokkeewwanii fi gurmuuwwan gariin magaalaa fi masaraa Gondor seenanii asii (bara mooticha Suusiniyoos, 1606-1632) irraa kaasanii-ti. Dur qeessonni isaanii buna keenya kanaan: “muka sheexanaa – yesayxaan takil” jedhuun turre. Kunoo galanni kan Oromoo haa tahuutii, gallanni kan qaroomina Biyya Gadaa haa tahuutii, harra numa wajjin midhaan eebbaa kanaan gammaddaa, mirqaanaa jiru! Erga aadaa bunaa warra Gadaa irraa baratanii, maal jedhe naan jedhaa buli-bulii aadaa Gadaas (dimokiraasiis) uummata Gadaa kana irraa ni baratu! Kana malees, mootummaan Habashaa fi dureeyyiin isaanii kunoo hardha bunni akka waan kan mataa isaanii taheetti addunyaatti dhiyeeffatu. Imaltoota (turistoota) impaayerittii isaanii seenan maratti, hoteelota urjiiwwan shanii keessatti akkuma aadaa Oromootti damfisuun: jabanaa marga coqorsaatiin marsanii, shaarfaa bunaa kan garbu irraa akaawame faa dhiyeessanii ittiin daldalachaa jiru.
Kanaa olitti waayee garbuu fi waayee qonnaan-buluu Oromoo durii durii kaafnee turre. Oggaa gosooliin Seem sadii Arabiyaa Kibbaa irraa Garba Diimaa cewuun dachee Kuushotaa irra miilli isaanii hin ijjatin, naannoon Biyya Habashaa isa ammaa kana,  Oromiyaa fi naannoon uummatoota Kibbaa kun qonnaan hedduu kan beekamu ture. Kun Ertiraa Kibbaas ni dabalata. Kunoo, midhaan harra Habashoonni akka waan isaan irraa maddeetti dhiyeeffatan: xaafii, nuugii, garbuu fi ajjaa faa koolu-galtuu tahuun otoo isaaan hin dhufin, warra Kuushotaatiin bara dhibba meeqaa fi meeqa dura hoomishamaa turani. Adaala (“desert“) Arabiyaa irraayyi finnee dhufne, akka jedhanii nu hin kofalchiifne, ni abdanna. Kanneen keessaa kan akkaxaafii fi nuugii aadaan qonna isaas, jechi sagalee isaas Afaanota Kuushii irraa kan ergifatame. Maali isaan midhaan akkuma garbuu naannoo baddaatti margu sanaan, jechuun ajjaa-dhaan (kunis Afaanuma Oromoo fayi) hanga dhiyootti “YeGaallaa gabsi” jedhuun ture mitii?
Ijjaarsi Aksum, inni isaan harra dhuunfaa ofii godhachuun ittiin boonan kunillee kan isaanii qofa miti. Isaan uummata Kuush raajeffatamaa kana jechuun Agawo keenya lafarraa duguuganii fixanii Goojjam, Walloo fi Beegamdiritti (Beejaa-midir) waa hafee, isaa kaan “Falaashaa” jechuun warra Israa’elitti bara Dargii irraa kaasuun gurgurachaa jiruu, siidaa Aksum kanas handhuuraa isaanii, kan warri Kuush homaayyu keessaa hin qabne godhatuu? Waan hundaafuu, aadaa kallacha Oromoo, aadaa siidaa isa hardhumallee naannoo Oromoo Arsii keessaa Sulula Dhooqaa keessatti argamuu, ijaarsa fi hambaa qaroominaa isa naannoo Oromoo Tuulamaa keessaa Malkaa Qunxuree fi Maaram Adaadii faatti argamuu, qorattoota seenaa keessaa warri xindhakaa qorachuutu barbaachisaa taha.
Sirni Gadaa Dr. G. Hayilee tuffii hamaadhaan “maafiyaa” jedhee arrabsu sun, sirna qaroominaa kan Oromoon Habashootas, Arabootas, Yuudota isaanis, Faranjoots, uummatoota Asiyaa fi Afrikaa keessaa hedduu dursuun ittiin bulu ture. Eekaa, oggaa uummatoonni fi biyyoonni kanaa olitti kaafaman mootolii fi gooftoliin, abbootii irree fi muummichootan bulan san Oromoon caffee isaatti waggaa saddeet-saddeetiin dureewwan ofii filachuun ilaafilaameen walbulcha ture. Seenaa ilmoo namaa keessaa Oromoon sirna dimokiraasiin kan of-bulche ennaan jedhu, dimokiraasii warra Giriikii durii sana irraanfaddhee miti! Inni kun akka kan Oromoo fi akka kan warra Oroppaa fi Ameerikaa Kaabaa isaan ammaa kana  dimokiraasii guutuu tahe hin turre. Dimokiraasiin Giriikota durii dimokiraasii abbootii gabraati. Gabroonni kan qaama uummata Giriikii san turan filachuuf mirgaa fi haqa tokkollee hin qabniiyyu. Dimokiraasiin USA-a kunis amma malee, duraan dimokiraasii abbootii gabraa ture. Kanatti dabalameetuu dimokiraasii sanyummaa irratti bu’ureeffame ture. Oggaas kan filamuufis, filachuufis mirga qabu Faranjoota callaa dha. Afroo-Ameerikaanonnii fi Warri Abbaa Biyyaa, kan isaan “Red Indians” jedhaniin mirga wayiituu hin qaban ture. Karaa kanaan hardha addunyaan teenya tun, jechuun karaa dimokiraasii-tiin Oromoomtee jirti jechuu dandeenya.
Mee akkamitti mootummaan tokko abbaa irraa ilmatti dabruun dhaalama? Kun nu Oromootaaf hin galu. Mataa keenyatu daddhabaa tahe otoo hin taane, loojika ilmoo namaa isa kanatti bulu sanatu daddhabaa ture. Warri Dr. G. Hayilee isaan akka hoolotaatti abbootii duulaa (“raasota“) fi mootolii isaanitiin tikfamaa, oofamaa turan sun isa kanaaf mammaaksa tokko qabu. “Samaay aayittaarrasim, nigus aayikkassasim – samiin hin qotamu, mootiin hin himatamu!” Inni kun gadaantummaa gadaantummaa caalu, kan ilmoo namaa akka horiitti ilaalu. Oromoo biratti garuu, Abbaan Gadaa fi ministeeronni waggaalee 8 callaaf filamu. Erga Abbaan Gadaa fi miseensonni kaabinee isaa saglan filatamanii booda waggaa afuritti hojiin isaanii, adaraan biyyi itti-kennate sun yaa’in waamamee gamaaggamama. Balleessanii argamnaan hojii irraayyi buufamu. Afaan Oromoo keessaa jechi Abbaa Gadaa mootummaa irraa buusu kun, jechaa daran jabaa fi jabaataa kan buqqisuu (“to uproot“) jedhamu. “Samaay —“-n warraa Amaaraa tun as irratti bakka wayiituu hin qabdu. Akka nuti beeknuttis, akka addunyaan beektuttis isa Gadaa kanatu qaroomina qaroomina caalu. Warra akka hoolotaatti mootolii fi abbootii duulatiin oofamuu bareef, inni kun “maafiyaa” dha. Hatahu malee, warri sirna qaroominaa kana, sirna Gadaa arrabsaa jiran kunis oolee bulee garuma sanitti deemu. Kunoo, hardhaayyuu gargaarsa Faranjootaa isa bakka amantii ofii buufatan sana argachuuf, “nuti dimokiraatota, Toopphiyaa kottee Wayyaanee jalaa baafnee sirna dimokiraasii-tiin bulchina” jechaa jiru.
Kutaa kana asuma irratti dhaabuun mee haa bullu! Hammasitti nagaa fi nageenyi qeyee keessan irraa, haarri bunaa manaa fi gandeen keessan keessaa hin dhabamini! Horaa naa bubbulaa!
Itti-fufa —!
========    HUBACHIISA MIILJALEE    ========
* Namoonni keenya gariin jecha Oromoo isa “jaarraa” jedhamu, jecha Afaan Ingilizii isa “century” jedhamuuf kennu. Garuu, sirna Gadaa keessatti “jaarraa” jechuun waggaa 40, ilmi abbaa isaa booda dhufuun abbaa bokkuu faa tahuu dandawu sana. Isa kana ammas akkanumatti jechuun waggaa 40-f dhimma ittiin bawuu qabna. “Century“-f immoo jecha “bardhibbee” jedhamu qabna. Akkanuma: barkurnee = “decade“, barkumee = “millennium“.
** Oromoon durii duriis Madduma Walaabuu, jechuun Baddaa Baalee keessa qofaa ture jechaa miti. Otoo inni bardhibbee 16-ffaa keessa gara biyya ofii isa Oromiyaa Waltajii fi Oromiyaa Kaabaa: Raayyaa, Yajjuu fi Wallotti ol hin deebiyin Oromoonni biroo naannolee kana akka jiraachaa turan ni beekama. Otoo Oromoon Tuulamaa fi Maccaa kanneen akka isaan jedhanitti “Haroo Walaabuu” irraa ka’uun gara amma jiraatan kana hin dhufin, naannoo amma Gindabart jedhamu keessa Oromoo “Oromduroo” jechuun Oromoo Durii jedhamutu ture. Kana malees oggaa Macci gariin Laga Gibee cewuun naannoo Wallaggaa dhaqqabu, Oromoonni biroo akka achi turan amma bira gayamee jira. Erga Oromoon qaama hortee Kuush tahee, Kuush kanaaf immoo maddi isaa Nuubiyaa (Nuu+biyya), jechuun Misira Kibbaa fi Sudaan Kaabaa tahee kun kan nama maalaluu miti.
——————-
*- Taammanaa Bitimaa: gurree@web.de


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THE NEW MASTER PLAN (MASTER CLAN KILLER) OF FINFINNE (ADDIS ABABA)

THE NEW MASTER PLAN (MASTER CLAN KILLER) OF FINFINNE (ADDIS ABABA): Critique and Protest Against Utopian (Nowhere) Comprehensiveness and Physical (Tabula Rasa) Determinist Master Plan.
By Gamsiis (Ph.D.), gamsis@gmail.com
Introduction:
The aim of this short essay is to protest and critique the newly declared Master Plan of Finfinne (Addis Ababa), the central city of Oromia. Moreover, it is also aimed to advocate for and bolster the voice of the underrepresented Oromo communities living in around Fifinne who are affected by this master plan.  The so called new master plan of the city of Addis Ababa (Finfinnee) is a top-down, utopian, physical determinist, a blue print production oriented plan, and filled with politically void terms, laden with hidden agenda that has a grand aim of disintegrating the territorial integrity of the state of Oromia and expand federal government and the minority settlers it has been sponsoring for the last 23 years at the heart of Oromo land, Finfinne.
Prior to discussing the details of the so called master plan this article will define and analyze three major planning and plan related issues. Here we will discuss the theoretical and practical considerations in defining a city planning, and the legal frameworks surrounding city planning practices.
City planning (Town planning) in general term is an activity that regulates the urban development to efficiently manage the urban land use in order to improve the lives of its community by creating safe, healthy, equitable, well situated, and attractive social and economic opportunities for the present residents without compromising the need and possible aspirations of future generations.
Therefore, Master plans (comprehensive plan, general plan) should be aimed to create more development opportunity, better living conditions, healthy and livable place.  There are multiple outcomes that are expected from the genuine planning activity. Planning should focus on providing and creating better job opportunity for the community, build improved tax base for the city government, and facilitate the provision of better public services such as transportation, supply, utility services, schools, safety services (policing, fire protection, etc.), recreations, and park services. Secondly, planning is aimed to facilitate economic development outcomes that encourage existing economic institutions and attract new development opportunities. Thirdly, planning activity must create equitable benefits (conditions) for the business community, the public, and the local government (city government). Fourth, city planning activity should empower environment friendly development activities while regulating activities that can have negative environmental impacts and severe environmental hazards such as industrial pollutions, management of urban runoffs, and control other land use externalities.
Contrarily, planning can have negative impacts on property values, can affect peoples’ life negatively, may have hidden values or vague goals, and can have negative political impacts against citizen. Planning activity without legal and judiciary means of protecting civil right can serve as covert exercise of power over the private property, and natural amenities can have a devastating outcome. Authorities, business community, and interested stakeholders may use planning as a land grabbing tool or can impose unfair land use management practices.
Moreover, planning itself can be viewed as a political exercise that manifests itself as taking power (eminent domain) or policing power over public/community properties as well as private property. In its perfect sense, planning should be purely apolitical and it is a governmental duty exercised by city government. But planning can unequally benefit/harm citizens, and even displace and evict communities, destroy shared common values, culture, identity, history and heritage of people, and can kill the sense of belongingness and ownership. Particularly, in places like Finfinne where the unique merger of history and power accorded aliens the privilege of carving a settlement for themselves among the indigenous people, planning to expand, modify the settlement (city) will have always adverse effect on the surrounding indigenous communities. In addition to the scramble for the physical land resources there exist invaluable cultural and historical heritage heritages that may be destroyed by planning practices. There are diverse multi layered socio-cultural orders, common shared values, systems, clans, sub clans, villages, traditional settlements, historical places, and related religious amenities of indigenous nature on which planning can have a devastating effect. It can kill all of these values if not practiced carefully and if legal measures and institutions are not in place to protect all of these including environmentally sensitive areas.
Additionally, planning is value laden practice and with multi-faceted interest where affected parties need to consulted, counseled and legally represented at all planning levels and their needs and rights given proper consideration. Planning graphics, maps, colors, and planning jargons can be very complex, can be hard to be understood by layperson, and are full of professional terms. In some cases planning can have hidden goals where the outcomes are not clear to everyone including the stakeholders they were meant to serve.
The Master Clan Killer
As the case study conducted about the current and newly proposed master plan shows
The analysis of the newly proposed master plan of Finfinnee (Addis Ababa) indicated that its content and quality has imposed issues (values) that are dictatorial and top-down planning activity.  The so called master plan is aimed at physical development such as land acquisition for the expansion of the city without full social, cultural, and environmental planning concepts. The industrial zonation of the south east Finfinne was an example of bad planning practice that did not take in to account the impact it can have on the environment. Industrial wastes from this zone have affected thousands of individuals along Akaki (Aqaaqii) river banks and the effects have been felt as far south as Koka (Qooqaa).  Therefore, this and earlier master plans were aimed to achieve physical design goals i.e., a plan to expand the perimeter of federal constituency at the expense of social, cultural, environmental, historical and economic injustices to the nearby indigenous communities. The so called master plan failed the affected communities, destroyed their values and can be called the CLAN KILLER. The following is a justification why it has to be called the MASTER CLAN KILLER.
  1. The acclaimed master plan is socially blind and has never mentioned to have a social oriented goal. So, it is socially reckless physical design oriented towards achieving a narrow goal of undermining the state of Oromia and the Oromo people and expanding breathing ground for aliens settled in the city.
  2. It is blind towards the cultural and historical heritage of Oromo people that existed for thousands of years before the inception of Finfinnee. No evidence of any attempt was presented to protect the cultural and historical heritages of the local communities and the major Oromo clans of the area such as Abbichuu. Gullallee, Galaan, etc, are on the verge of extinction.
  3. It is a politically motivated move based on driving the surrounding Oromo community into deeper poverty offering only empty promise to others simply echoing what they think people may want to hear such as, international standard, accelerated development, modernizing the city, experts from prominent European master planners, etc. They have wrongly judged the Oromo thinking and aspirations when they try to trick the Oromos by naming few Oromo individuals like Kumaa Dammaksaa, Berhane Deressa, Driba Kuma, etc. These individuals have always been on the other side of the Oromo issue that the dictators were ingenuous to think that such names would soften the position of the Oromos to thwart the grand political question that they have been asking. No cover ups and use of Oromo names can answer this questions, only the rule of law implemented without political infringement can. The current Ethiopian constitution touted 20 years ago then is politically void in that many of its provisions including articles 40, 43, and 49 remained hollow promises. Particularly, Article 49 of the fake constitution gives only lip service concerning the special interest of Oromia on Addis Ababa. So far, the acclaimed special interest had not met any interest of the Oromo people and the State of Oromia except the contamination of rivers, unmanaged urban runoff, untreated grey water, and pollutions from different land uses of Finfinnee continue to wreak lives and destroy livelihoods of the surrounding Oromos. No considerations of inclusionary practice for Oromo people who use water from the contaminated rivers is made in the recent master plan; it rather plans to do worse, uproot the remaining communities and clear up the swaths of land for the alien settlers. The plan is not inclusive and has no room for managing conflicting interests. So, it is morally, ethically, and professionally wrong and void.
  4. Politically flawed; federally owned or territorial boundary of the city has no geographically limited space and no sustainable growth management practices are evinced within the master plan document. The territories of States are divisible and can be manipulated all the time for hidden and clear goals where the state of Oromia has no clear boundaries. The master plan has a clear expansionist goal that will divide the state of Oromia in to two separate regions while it gives access (connection) to the Amhara region and Gurage zone in the near feature. So, the acclaimed master plan is an open venue for the urban sprawl and the development it claims can create political instability for that country.
  5. Legally unconstitutional and has no legal means is provided to acquire 1.1 million hectares of land. It is aimed to transfer a political power, state property, and private property to the other private owner (the riches). This is illegal because government cannot take a property from one citizen and transfer it to other private citizen or cannot treat its citizens prejudicially and undermine the rights of indigenous population.
  6. The so called master plan has unbearable outcomes; it is aimed to disintegrate the shared values of Oromo people, kills the sense of belongingness, the clans, sub-clans, hamlets, and traditional norms.
  7. That master plan has ignored the right of the Oromo people and the state of Oromia to administer a large city and has the intent of building a single municipal government on the big chunk of land. The so called prominent European experts on the advisory payroll seemed to have no clue of multijurisdictional planning or ignored the underlying effects of planning that can destroy existing unique identity. If growth is desirable the undesirable effects of planning could be averted. For instance, cities can have contiguous shape or spotted (leapfrog) settlements while having different local governments that leave sensitive places open as it is in between the cities such as farm lands, environmentally sensitive places, historical places, and indigenous population. Why is the state of Oromia cannot administer satellite (suburban) cities? No reason except there is a hidden goal.
  8. That master plan is naive about the sociological formation of indigenous people and assumed as if no diversity exists. Its planning contents disrespected existing values that are given for diversity of culture, values, and different interests of the Oromian state position.
  9.  No principles and normative theory is evidenced.
  10. No answer is provided for questions such as, who is going to be evicted? Why they are evicted? Where is their destination? And where is the end point of expansion of the city of Finfinnee?
  11. No equal opportunity and equitable conditions provided for the affected
  12. No evidence of public participation and the affected side has no say in it. All planning jargons, engineering graphics, color codes, and the full intent of the plan supposed to be explained to the unskilled public. Legal representation and professional advocacy supposed to be rendered for the affected community. The so called master plan has no principles or notion of inclusive community development plan. Its participants are outsiders and foreigners to the Oromo public and have nothing to do with Oromo to discuss their future destiny on behalf of our community. No authority is vested to any foreign nationals or foreign government or any non-Oromo group to decide on them or ratify any type of master plan on behalf the State of Oromia. This will create distrust between the representatives of Oromian state and the Oromian nationals at large while undermining the fake constitution of Ethiopia. The leaders of OPDO should rise and remove the curtain that has blinded them for too long. If they need any sort of credibility among the Oromo people, this is their chance. They have to stand firm and oppose this TPLF sponsored master plan of destroying Oromia and the Oromo people. The destruction of the Oromo people as we know is the end of OPDO as well.
  13. It is a perpetrated document for federal government to practice an overtly eminent domain and expand the federal government holdings.
  14. It is a document aimed to kill (weaken) the tax base of the state of Oromia and economically marginalize Oromian citizens while holding them in a perpetual poverty trap.
  15. It is a planning document without zoning ordinance and legal support.
  16.  It is a top-down faceted planning activity and it is the same as the past failed master plans. It is a dictatorial planning system that has no public interest envisioned.
  17. It is an old style, rigid, and inflexible blueprint without common value.
(to be continued)
 Dr. Gamsiis

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Gunmen kill nine in western Ethiopia bus attack: state media

(Reuters) - Gunmen ambushed a bus carrying dozens of people in western Ethiopia near the Sudanese border, killing nine and wounding six others, state-run media said on Wednesday.
There was no claim of responsibility and no group was blamed for the attack, but Ethiopia says it has thwarted several plots in recent years by Ethiopian insurgents as well as Somali al Qaeda-linked al Shabaab Islamist militants.
A handful of rebel groups are waging low-level separatist insurgencies in Ethiopia, while Ethiopian troops are part of an offensive against al Shabaab in neighboring Somalia.
The bus ambush on Tuesday evening - near the $4 billion-Grand Renaissance Dam - was the second attack on public transportation in the Benishangul Gumuz region in five months. Four people were killed by a bomb on a minibus in November.
"The bus was targeted while travelling 100 kilometers (62 miles) south of (regional capital) Assosa," a report on state-owned Ethiopian Television said.
No further details were given, and officials were not immediately available to comment.
In September, two Somali suicide bombers accidentally blew themselves up in Addis Ababa while preparing to detonate explosives among football fans during Ethiopia's World Cup qualifying match against Nigeria.

(Reporting by Aaron Maasho; Editing by Louise Ireland and James Macharia)

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46 Ethiopians charged with illegal residence in Kenya, security sweep continues

Forty-six Ethiopians were charged Monday (April 14th) in Kenyan courts with illegal residence after they were arrested during an ongoing security sweep, Kenya's Capital FM reported.

Twenty-eight of the suspects appeared at the Makadara Law Courts, where a representative for the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees Bemih Kanyonge told Principal Magistrate Eunice Nyutu that some of them were in the country legally as refugees.
The suspects were detained in Kasarani Stadium in Nairobi before being charged.
Nyutu remanded the suspects to the Industrial Area Remand Prison at Kanyonge's request that they be moved from Kasarani Stadium.
The 18 other Ethiopians appeared before the Milimani Law Courts on Monday, also on suspicion of being in Kenya illegally. They were arrested Friday in Loitokitok with a driver and conductor of a bus believed to have been ferrying them across the border to Tanzania.
Meanwhile, the security sweep dubbed Operation Usalama Watch continued in Mombasa and other parts of Nairobi.
More than 100 suspects believed to be from Somalia and other countries were arrested in parts of Mombasa Saturday night, according to The Standard, while police arrested another 55 people in Mombasa on Monday in a security sweep targeting criminals and illegal immigrants, according to Kenya's Daily Nation.
The ongoing security crackdown in Eastliegh has been expanded to other parts of Nairobi, including South C Estate, where police arrested 34 people on Monday, according to Daily Nation.
"The operation will target several other estates in the city, especially those that we feel are vulnerable to attacks by criminal gangs and terrorists," Administration Police Spokesperson Masoud Munyi said Tuesday morning. "We must protect our people irrespective of their tribe, religion and colour."

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